ROLE OF ORGANIC SPICES IN THE PRESERVATION OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN TRADITIONAL FERMENTED BEVERAGES

Authors

  • Stephen O Fapohunda Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan remo, Nigeria
  • Oluwatoyin H. Animashaun Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan remo, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53555/nnfaes.v8i3.1375

Keywords:

Spices, Food Preservation, Shelf life, Fermented beverages

Abstract

A review of the antimicrobial action of a few plant based natural products in Africa is reported . Spices play preservative and flavoring roles in food , fermented beverages and nutrition security in sub Saharan Africa, thereby increasing the shelf life . The emphasis  on organic spices is underscored by their being Generally Recognized as Safe, GRAS, thus enhancing the wholesomeness of such consumption. The compatibility of fermenting microorganisms’ for various beverages is also noted. Volatile oils of black pepper, cloves, nutmeg, oregano and thyme have been shown to have antimicrobial activities against microorganisms.

 

References

Adewara, A. O., & Ogunbanwo, S. T. (2013). Effects of processing variables on the production of “Burukutu”, a Nigerian fermented beverage. Natural Science, 11, 16-28. Aka, S., Camara, F., Nanga, Y. Z., Loukou, Y. G., & Dje, K. M. (2008). Evaluation of organic acids and sugars contents during the production of tchapolo, a traditional sorghum beer in Côte d’Ivoire. Journal of Food Technology, 6(5), 189-195.

Aka, S., N’Guessan, K. F., Nanga, Y. Z., Loukou, Y. G., Mazabraud, A. I., & Djè, K. M. (2010). Characterization of Lactobacillus species isolated from mash, sour wort and tchapalo produced in Côte d’Ivoire. Food, 4(1), 49-54.

Akabanda, F., Owusu-Kwarteng, J., Tano-Debrah, K., Glover, R. L. K., Nielsen, D. S., & Jespersen, L. (2013). Taxonomic and molecular characterization of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in nunu, a Ghanaian fermented milk product. Food Microbiology, 34, 277–283. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.09.025

Amusa, N. A., & Odunbaku, O. A. (2009). Microbiological and nutritional quality of hawked kunun (a sorghum based non-alcoholic beverage) widely consumed in Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8, 20-25.

Anaukwu, C. G., Nwangwu, F. C., Okafor, O. I., Ezemba, C. C., Orji, C. C., Agu, K. C., & Archibong, E. J. (2015). Microbiological analysis of Burukutu beverage produced in Southern part of Nigeria. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 5, 18-22.

Ayirezang, F. A., Saba, C. K. S., Amaglo, F. K., & Gonu, H. (2016). Shelf-life improvement of sorghum beer (pito) through the addition of Moringa oleifera and pasteurization. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 15, 2627–2636. doi: 10.5897/AJB2016.15581

Ayo, J. A., Ejiogu, T. N, &. Iheanacho, A. (1998). Effect of spices on the microbial and sensory quality of Kunun-zaki. Proceedings of the 27th Annual NIFST Conference. (2003) 233 Battcock,M.Fermented Fruits and Vegetables: A Global Perspective; No. 134; FAO: Rome, Italy,

Bayoï, J. R., Ndegoue, S. V., & Etoa, F. (2021). Traditional processing and quality attributes of “kounou”,a fermented indigenous cereal-based beverage from the northern zone of Cameroon. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 6, 100209, 1-12.

Bereda, A., Eshetu, M., & Yilma, Z. (2014). Microbial properties of Ethiopian dairy products: A review. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 8(23), 2264-2271.

Blessed, K.Y., Dadah, A. J., Uba, A. (2017). Isolation of enteric bacteria from hawked “Kunun- Zaki” in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2, 96.

Braide, W., Azuwike, C. O., & Adeleye, S. A. (2018). The role of microorganisms in the production of some indigenous fermented foods in Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences, 5(5), 86–94.

Capozzi, V., Fragasso, M., Romaniello, R., Berbegal, C., Russo, P., Spano, G. (2017). Spontaneous food fermentations and potential risks for human health. Fermentation, 3, 49.

Chang, S. T., Chen, P. T., & Chang, S. C. (2001). Antibacterial of leaf essential oils and their constituent from Cinnamomum osmophleom. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 77: 123- 127.

Chilaka, C. A., de Boevre, M., Atanda, O. O., & de Saeger, S. (2018). Quantification of Fusarium mycotoxins in Nigerian traditional beers and spices using a multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS method. Food Control, 87, 203–210.

Dahouenon-Ahoussi, E., Degnon, G. R., Adjou, S. E., & Sohounhloue, C. K. D. (2012). Stabilisation de la bière produite à partir de matières amylacées locales (Sorghum bicoloret Musa acuminata) par adjonction de l’huile essentielle de Cymbopogon citratus /Stabilization of beer produced with amylaceous local raw materials (Sorghum bicolor and Musa acuminate) by using essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus. J. Appl. Biosci. 51, 3596–3607.

Desobgo, Z. S. C., Naponni, F. Y., & Nso, E. J. (2013). Caractérisation des moûts et bières du sorgho Safrari houblonnés avec Vernonia amygdalina et Nauclea diderrichii. Int J Innov Appl Studies, 2(1), 83-91.

Djè, M. K., Aka, S., Nanga, Y. Z., Yao, K. C., & Loukou, Y. G. (2009). Predominant lactic acid bacteria involved in the spontaneous fermentation step of tchapalo process, a traditional sorghum beer of Côte d’Ivoire. Res. J. Biol. Sci. 4(7): 789-795.

Dorman, H. J. D., & Deans, S. G. (2000). Antimicrobial agent for plants: antibacterial activity of plants volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 88, 308-316.

Echefu, E (2020). The effect of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) extract on the microbial load and shelf- life of locally brewed sorghum beer (burukutu).Mouau.afribary.org:Retrieved Jun 20,2022, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/the-effect-of-bitter-leaf- vernonia-amygdalina-extract-on-the-microbial-load-and-shelf-life-of-locally-brewed- sorghum-beer-burukutu

Edward, K. C., & Ohaegbu, C. J. (2012). The effect of ginger and garlic on the microbial load and shelf life of Kunun-zaki. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2(5), 150-153.

Gazuwa, S., Jaryum, K., & Mafulul, S. (2016). Organic contaminants and microbial load of native beers locally prepared within Jos metropolis. Journal of Applied Life Science International, 8, 1–7.

Geremew, T., Kebede, A., & Andualem, B. (2015). The role of spices and lactic acid bacteria as antimicrobial agent to extend the shelf life of metata ayib (traditional Ethiopian spiced fermented cottage cheese). Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(9), 5661–5670.

Glover, R. L. K., Sawadogo-Lingani, H., Diawara, B., Jespersen, L., & Jakobsen, M. (2009). Utilization of Lactobacillus fermentum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as starter cultures in the production of'dolo'. J Appl Biosci, 22, 1312-1319.

Gqaleni, C. A., & Alfred, S. T. (2007). Potential of lactic acid bacteria in human nutrition. Global Science Books, London, UK.

Guesh, M., & Anteneh T. (2017). Technology and microbiology of traditionally fermented food and beverage products of Ethiopia: A review. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 11(21), 825-844.

Guesh, M., Sisay, T., Muleta, D., & Tesfaye, A. (2019). In vitro evaluation of probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from some traditionally fermented Ethiopian food products. International Journal of Microbiology, Article ID 7179514, 1-11.

Holzapfel, W. H. (2002). Appropriate starter culture technologies for small-scale fermentation in developing countries. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 75, 197–212. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00707-3

Hotessa, N., & Robe, J. (2020). Ethiopian indigenous traditional fermented beverage: the role of themicroorganisms toward nutritional and safety value of fermented beverage. International Journal of Microbiology, Article ID 8891259 1-11.

Jespersen, L. (2003). Occurrence and taxonomic characteristics of strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae predominant in African indigenous fermented foods and beverages. FEMS Yeast Research, 3, 191–200. doi: 10.1016/S1567-1356(02) 00185-X

Jespersen, L. (2005). African fermented foods: role of yeasts, in Food Fermentation, eds M. J. R. Nout, W. M. de Vos, & M. H. Zwietering (Wageningen: Wargening Acedemic Publishers), 45–52.

Jimoh, S. O., Ado, S. A., Ameh, J. B., & Whong, C. M. Z. (2012). Characteristics and diversity of Yeast in locally fermented beverages sold in Nigeria. World Journal of Engineering and Pure Applied Science, 2, 40–44.

Johansen, P. G., Owusu-Kwarteng, J., Parkouda, C., Padonou, S. W., & Jespersen, L. (2019) Occurrence and importance of yeasts in indigenous fermented food and beverages produced in sub-Saharan Africa. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10:1789. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01789

Kaur, P., Ghoshal,G., & Banerjee, U. C. (2019). Traditional bio-preservation in beverages: fermented beverages. Preservatives and Preservation Approaches in Beverages, 69-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816685-7.00003-3.

Kayodé, P. A. P., Adegbidi, A., Hounhouigan, J. D., Linnemann, A. R., & Nout, M. J. R. (2005.) Quality of farmers’ varieties of sorghum and derived foods as perceived by consumers in Benin. Ecol Food Nutr, 44(4), 271-294.

Kayodé, A. P. P., Hounhouigan, D. J., Nout, M. J. R., & Niehof, A. (2007). Household production of sorghum beer in Benin: technological and socio?economic aspects. Int J Consum Stud, 31(3), 258-264.

Kolawole, O. M., Kayode, R. M. O., & Akinduyo, B. (2007). Proximate and microbial analyses of Burukutu and Pito produced in Ilorin, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6, 587–590.

Konfo, C. T. R., Chabi, N. W., Dahouenon-Ahoussi, E., Cakpo-Chichi, M., Soumanou, M. M., & Sohounhloue, D. C. K. (2015). Improvement of African traditional sorghum beers quality and potential applications of plants extracts for their stabilization: A review. J Microbiol Biotechnol Food Sci, 5(2), 190-196.

Kraig, R. (2013). Herbs and spices for improving the gastrointestinal health of the rabbit. In: Proceedings of the 25th Hungarian Conference on Rabbit production. pp. 53-68. Kaposvar, Hungary.

Lynn, M., Alibe, W., Brisca, J., & De, N. (2014). Isolation of some pathogens in Burukutu, a local drink, sold in Sengere Village, Girie Local Government, Adamawa State. Greener J. Microbiol. Antimicrob, 2, 1–6.

Lyumugabe, F., Gros, J., Nzungize, J., Bajyana, E., & Thonart, P. (2012). Characteristics of African traditional beers brewed with sorghum malt: A review. Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ, 4, 509-530.

Lyumugabe, F., Songa, E. B., Wathelet, J. P., & Thonart, P. (2013). Volatile compounds of the traditional sorghum beers “ikigage” brewed with Vernonia amygdalina “umubirizi”. Cerevisia, 37(4), 89-96.

Mashau, M. E., Jideani, A. I. O., & Maliwichi, L. L. (2020). Evaluation of the shelf-life extension and sensory properties of mahewu – A non-alcoholic fermented beverage by adding Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) powder", British Food Journal, 122(11), 3419- 3432.

Mbachu, A. E., Etok, C. A., Agu, K. C., Okafor, O. I., Awah, N. S., Chidi-Onuorah, L. C., Ekwueme, V. C., Okpala, J., Ogbue, M. O., & Ikele, M. O. (2014). Microbial quality of Kunu drink sold in Calabar, Cross River state, Nigeria. J. Glob. Biosci. 3, 511–515.

Mbajiuka, C. S., Obeagu, E. I., Ochei K. C., & Onyemairo, N. C. (2014). Effect of ginger and garlic on the microbial load and shelf- life of Burukutu. International Journal of Microbiological Research, 5(2), 117-123.

Michodjèhoun-Mestres, L., Hounhhouigan, D. J., Dossou, J., & Mestres C (2005). Physical, chemical and microbiological changes during natural fermentation of gowé, a sprouted or non-sprouted sorghum beverage from West-Africa. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4(6), 487-496.

Misihairabgwi, J., & Cheikhyoussef, A. (2017). Traditional fermented foods and beverages of Namibia. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 4(3), 145-153.

Mokoshe, W. N., Osopale, B. A., Cajethan, O. Ezeamagu,C. O., & Fapohunda, S. O. (2021). Role of organic spices in the preservation of traditionally fermented Kunun-zaki. Microbiology Biotechnology Letters, 49(2), 192–200.

Moonga, H. B., Schoustra, S. E., Linnemann, A. R., Shindano, J., & Smid, E. J. (2022). Towards valorisation of indigenous traditional fermented milk: mabisi as a model. Current Opinion in Food Science, 46:100835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100835

Motlhanka, K., Zhou, N., & Lebani, K. (2018). Microbial and chemical diversity of traditional non-cereal based alcoholic beverages of Sub-Saharan Africa. Beverages, 4:36. doi: 10.3390/beverages4020036

Mufandaedza, J., Viljoen, B. C., Feresu, S. B., & Gadaga, T. H. (2006). Antimicrobial properties of lactic acid bacteria and yeast-LAB cultures isolated from traditional fermented milk against pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis strains. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 108, 147–152. doi: 10.1016/ j.ijfoodmicro.2005.11.005

Muhialdin, B. J., Filimonau, V., Qasem, J. M. et al. (2022). Traditional fermented foods and beverages in Iraq and their potential for large-scale commercialization. J. Ethn. Food, 9, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42779-022-00133-8

Mukisa, I. M., Ahimbisibwe, S., & Byakika, S. (2021). Stabilization and preservation of a traditional sorghum-based fermented beverage. Nutrition and Food Sciences Research, 8(4), 45-52.

Mulaw, G., Muleta, D., Tesfaye, A., & Sisay, T. (2020). Protective effect of potential probiotic strains from fermented Ethiopian food against Salmonella typhimurium DT104 in mice. International Journal of Microbiology, Article ID 7523629, 1-8.

Mutanda, T., Olaniran, A. O., & Mokoena, M. P. (2016). Perspectives on the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria from African traditional fermented foods and beverages. Food and Nutrition Research, 60(1), 19630.

Namugumya, B. S., & Muyanja, C. M. B. K. (2009). Traditional processing, microbiological, physiochemical and sensory characteristics of kwete, a Ugandan fermented maize based beverage. Afr. J. Food Agr. Nutr. Develop., 9, 1046-1059.

Nemo, R., & Bacha, K. (2021). Natural preservative-based shelf-life enhancement of borde: A traditional Ethiopian low alcoholic beverage. Journal of food Processing and Preservation, 45(11), e15968.

Nwaiwu, O., Aduba, C. C., Igbokwe, V. C., Sam, C. E., & Ukwuru, M. U. (2020). Traditional and artisanal beverages in Nigeria: microbial diversity and safety issues. Beverages, 6(53), 1-22. doi:10.3390/beverages6030053

Obafemi, Y. D., Oranusi , S. U., Ajanaku, K. O., Akinduti, P. A., Leech, J., & Cotter, P. D. (2022). African fermented foods: overview, emerging benefits, and novel approaches to microbiome profiling. NPJ-Science of Food,6,15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-022-00130-w

Ogbo, F. C., & Igwilo, I. O. (2018). Shelf Life Extension In Burukutu, A Nigerian Alcoholic Beverage Using Antimicrobiologically Active Spices. The Bioscientist Journal, 6(1), 1-12.

Ogunbanwo, S. T., & Ogunsanya, B. T. (2012). Quality assessment of oti-oka like beverage produced from pearl millet. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 51, 3608-3617.

Oguntoyinbo, F.A., Tourlomousis, P., Gasson, M. J., & Narbad, A. (2011). Analysis of bacterial communities of traditional fermented West African cereal foods using culture independent methods. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 145, 205–210.

Ojeda-Linares, C., Álvarez-Ríos, G. D., Figueredo-Urbina, C. J., Islas, L. A., Lappe-Oliveras, P., Nabhan, G. P., Torres-García, I., Vallejo, M., & Casas, A. (2021). Traditional fermented beverages of Mexico: A biocultural unseen foodscape. Foods, 10, 2390. https://doi.org/10.3390/ foods10102390

Okaru, A. O., Rehm, J., Sommerfeld, K., Kuballa, T., Walch, S. G., & Lachenmeier, D. W. (2019). The threat to quality of alcoholic beverages by unrecorded consumption. In: Alcoholic Beverages, 7th ed.; Grumezescu, A. M., Holban, A. M., Eds.; Woodhead Publishing (Elsevier): Kidlington, UK, 1–34.

Olaniyi, O. O., & Akinyele, J. B. (2019). Isolation of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus and evaluation of aflatoxins in “Burukutu”, sorghum fermented beverage sold in Akure, Nigeria. Journal of Food Safety and Hygiene, 5, 30–38.

Omoleke, S. A., Ajibola, O., Ajiboye, J. O., & Raji, R. O. (2018). Quagmire of epidemic disease outbreaks reporting in Nigeria. BMJ Global Health, 3.

Onyemekara, N. N., Nwanebu, F. C., Njoku, M .N., Chinakwe, E. C., Nwogwugwu, N. U., & Mike-Anosike, E. (2018). Microbiological and proximate analysis of a local food beverage-Kunu zaki, sold in Owerri municipal. Available online: https://www.futojnls.org/issues/type/volume-4-issue-2-2018/science (accessed on 16 July 2020).

Oriola, O. B., Boboye, B. E., & Adetuyi, F. C. (2017). Bacterial and fungal communities associated with the production of a Nigerian fermented beverage, “Otika”. Jordan Journal of Biological Science, 10, 127-133.

Orishagbemi, C. O., Abdulmalik, B., Isah, R. L., Igbatigbi, J. M., & Achimugu, S. (2020). Organic preservation and shelf–life evaluation of liquid kunu zaki food drink, with extract of west African black pepper (Piper guineense). International Journal of Agricultural Research and Food Production, 5(2), http://www.casirmediapublishing.com

Orji, M. U., Mbata, T. I., Aniche, G. N., & Ahonkhai, I. (2003). The use of starter cultures to produce ‘Pito’, a Nigerian fermented alcoholic beverage. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 19, 733-736.

Osvik, R. D., Sperstad, S., Breines, E., Hareide, E., Godfroid, J., Zhou, Z., et al. (2013). Bacterial diversity of a Masi, a South African fermented milk product, determined by clone library and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7, 4146–4158.

Raghavan. S. (2006). Forms, functions, and applications of spices from: Handbook of Spices, Seasonings, and Flavorings CRC Press Accessed on: 20 Jun 2022

Rodrigue-Christian, K. T., Chabi, N., Agbadjizo, J., Ahoussi-Dahouenon, E., Mohamed, S., & Sohounhloue, D. K. C. (2014). Influence of Hemizygia bracteosa (Benth) leaf on the quality of sorghum beer “tchakpalo” produced in Benin. International Journal of Innovative and Applied Studies, 7, 453-463.

Sanni, A. I., & Lonner, C. (1993). Identification of yeasts isolated from Nigerian traditional alcoholic beverages. Food Microbiology, 10, 517–523.

Sawadogo-Lingani, H., Owusu-Kwarteng, J., Glover, R., Diawara, B., Jakobsen, M., & Jespersen,L.(2021) Sustainable production of african traditional beers with focus on Dolo, a West African sorghum-based alcoholic beverage. Frontiers in Sustainable Food System, 5:672410. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.672410

Schutte, L. M. (2013).Isolation and identification of the microbial consortium present in fermented milks from sub-Saharan Africa. A Msc. Thesis submitted at Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch. 1-116

Sekwati-Monang, B. (2011). Microbiological and chemical characterisation of ting, a sorghum based gluten-free fermented cereal product from botswana. Ph. D. thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, 156pp.

Solange, A., Georgette, K., Gilbert, F., Marcellin, D. K., & Bassirou, B. (2014).Review on African traditional cereal beverages. American Journal of Research Communication, 2(5), 103-153.

Stanley, M. C., Ifeanyi, E., Chinedum, O. K., & Christopher, O. N. (2014). Effect of ginger and garlic on the microbial load and shelf-life of Burukutu. International Journal of Microbiology Research, 5, 117–123.

Tafere, G. (2015). A review on traditional fermented beverages of Ethiopian. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 5(15), 95-102.

Tamang, J. P., Tamang, N., Thapa, S., Dewan, S., Tamang, B., Yonzan, H., & Kharel, N. (2012). Microorganisms and nutritional value of ethnic fermented foods and alcoholic beverages of North-east India. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 11, 7–25.

Tapsoba, F. W., Sawadogo-Lingani, H., Kabore, D., Compaore-Sereme, D., & Dicko, M. H. (2017). Effect of the fermentation on the microbial population occurring during the processing of zoom-koom, a traditional beverage in Burkina Faso. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 11(26), 1075-1085.

Umaru, G. A., Tukur, I. S., Akensire, U. A., Adamu, Z., Bello, O. A., Shawulu, A. H. B., Audu, M.,Sunkani, J. B., Adamu, S. G., & Adamu, N. B. (2014). Microflora of Kunun-Zaki and Sobo drinks in relation to public health in Jalingo metropolis, North-Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Food Research, 1, 16-21.

Vieira-Dalodé, G., Madodé, Y. E., Hounhouigan, J., Jespersen, L., & Jakobsen, M. (2008). Use of starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts as inoculum enrichment for the production of gowè, a sour beverage from Benin. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2(7), 179-186.

Downloads

Published

2022-08-30

How to Cite

Fapohunda, S. O. ., & Animashaun , O. H. . (2022). ROLE OF ORGANIC SPICES IN THE PRESERVATION OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN TRADITIONAL FERMENTED BEVERAGES. Journal of Advance Research in Food, Agriculture and Environmental Science (ISSN 2208-2417), 8(3), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.53555/nnfaes.v8i3.1375