A REVIEW ON ARSENIC TOXICITY AND ITS EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/nnpbs.v8i5.1305Keywords:
Arsenic, arsenicosis,, toxicity.Abstract
Arsenic is a pollutant in the environment, and its poisoning of drinking water is considered a severe global health issue. It has been established that inorganic arsenic is extremely toxic, both acute and chronic. It enters in human body ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption. After entering into the body it is distributed to large number of organs and increases the risk of a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular abnormalities, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, only a few studies have shown that persistent exposure to arsenic causes carcinogenesis, particularly cancers of the skin, bladder, and lungs. It is very difficult to diagnose early symptoms of arsenicosis because such nonspecific symptoms may also be present in many other diseases. The current study looks at a variety of processes that play a role in arsenic- induced toxicity and end-organ damage.
References
Jomova K. Arsenic: toxicity, oxidative stress and human disease. J Appl Toxicol. 2011;31(2):95–107. doi:10.1002/jat.1649.
On Chemical Safety IP. WHO: Environmental Health Criteria 224-Arsenic. International Programme on Chemical Safety, Geneva. 2001; Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42366.
Mandal BK, Suzuki KT. Arsenic round the world: a review. Talanta. 2002;58(1):201–21.
Arsenic-Eaters. Boston Med Surg J. 1854;51:189.
Sollman T. A Manual of Pharmacology. J Am Pharm Assoc. 1957;37(3):131. doi:10.1002/jps.3030370320.
Burger A. Medicinal Chemistry; 1970; 610–625.
Sullivan RJ. Administration Publication No. APTD 69-26; 1969. Available from: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-1990-06- 25/pdf/FR-1990-06-25.pdf.
United Nations Synthesis Report on Arsenic in Drinking Water; 2001. Available from: https://www.ircwash.org/resources/united- nations-synthesis-report-arsenic-drinking-water.
Maeda S. Arsenic in the Environment; 1994;155–187.
Whitacre RW, Pearse CS. Arsenic and the Environment; 1972.
Hindmarsh JT, McCurdy RF. Clinical and environmental aspects of arsenic toxicity. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1985;23(4):315–347. doi:10.3109/10408368609167122.
Nagvi SM, Vaishnavi C, Singh H. Toxicity and metabolism of arsenic in vertebrates. vol. 2; 1994;55–91.
Clarkson TW. Inorganic and organometal pesticides; 1991;545–552.
Giberson A. Hemodialysis of acute arsenic intoxication with transient renal failure. Arch Intern Med. 1976;136
Gerhardt RE. Chronic renal insufficiency from cortical necrosis induced by arsenic poisoning. Arch Intern Med. 1978;138.
Rich CH, Biggs ML, Smith AH. Lung and kidney cancer mortality associated with arsenic in drinking water in Cordoba, Argentina. IntJ Epidemiol. 1998;561–569. doi:10.1093/ije/27.4.561.
Gerhardt RE. Chronic renal insufficiency from cortical necrosis induced by arsenic poisoning. Arch Intern Med. 1978;1267– 1269.
Piao F, Ma N, Hiraku Y, Murata M, Oikawa S, Cheng F, et al. Oxidative DNA damage in relation to neurotoxicity in the brain of mice exposed to arsenic at environmentally relevant levels. J Occup Health. 2005;445–449.
Yip SF, Yeung YM, Tsui EY. Severe neurotoxicity following arsenic therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia: potentiation by thiamine deficiency. Blood. 2002;3481–3482.
Yip SF, Yeung YM, Tsui EY. Severe neurotoxicity following arsenic therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia: potentiation by thiamine deficiency. Blood. 2002;3481–3482.
Hansen ES. International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC Working Paper 7/1/2. Shared risk factors for cancer and atherosclerosis-a review of the epidemiological evidence. Mutat Res. 1990;163–179.
Bunderson M, Coffin JD, Beall HD. Arsenic induces peroxynitrite generation and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression in aortic endothelial cells: possible role in atherosclerosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002;11–18.
Pereira FE, Coffin JD, Beall HD. Activation of protein kinase C and disruption of endothelial monolayer integrity by sodium arsenite-Potential mechanism in the development of atherosclerosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007;164–177.
Jindal S, Singh M, Balakumar P. Effect of bis (maltolato) oxovanadium (BMOV) in uric acid and sodium arsenite-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction in rats. Int J Cardiol. 2008;383–391.
Piao F, Ma N, Hiraku Y, Murata M, Oikawa S, Cheng F, et al. Oxidative DNA damage in relation to neurotoxicity in the brain of mice exposed to arsenic at environmentally relevant levels. J Occup Health. 2005;445–449.
Felix K, Manna SK, Wise K, Barr J, Ramesh GT. Low levels of arsenite activates nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 in immortalized mesencephalic cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2005;67–77.
Namgung U, Xia Z. Arsenic induces apoptosis in rat cerebellar neurons via activation of JNK3 and p38 MAP kinases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2001;130–138.
Patlolla AK, Tchounwou PB. Serum acetyl cholinesterase as a biomarker of arsenic induced neurotoxicity in sprague-dawley rats. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2005;80–83.
Burton CA, Hatlelid K, Divine K, Carter DE, Fernando Q, Brendel K, et al. Glutathione effects on toxicity and uptake of mercuric chloride and sodium arsenite in rabbit renal cortical slices. Environ Health Perspect. 1995;81–84.
. Das AK, Bag S, Sahu R, Dua TK, Sinha MK, Gangopadhyay M, et al. Protective effect of Corchorus olitorius leaves on sodium arsenite-induced toxicity in experimental rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;326–335.
Liu J, Waalkes M. Focal adhesion kinase as a potential target in arsenic toxicity. Toxicol Sci. 2005;212–213.
Bates MN, Smith AH, Cantor KP. Case-control study of bladder cancer and arsenic in drinking water. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;523–530.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Advance Research in Pharmacy & Biological Science

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.