TEACHERS’ WORKLOAD STRESS AS A CORRELATE OF JOB SATISFACTION IN INTERNATIONAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/nnssh.v8i4.1215Keywords:
Teacher Productivity, Job Satisfaction, Teachers Workload Stress, Teachers Performance, Turnover RateAbstract
There are various aspects that may affect teachers’ job satisfaction, subsequently impacting on teaching performance and teachers’ overall productivity. These factors may include workplace environment, personal and and psychological factors. The purpose of the study was to investigate if there is any relationship between teachers’ workload stress and job satisfaction in international secondary schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Adams (1963) Equity theory, and Bandura’s (1977) Self-Efficacy theory provided the study’s theoretical foundation. The study adopted a convergent parallel mixed methods design. The target population encompassed 2078 secondary school teachers in Nairobi City County, 54 head teachers, and 54 deputy head teachers. Yamane (1967) formula was used to select a sample of 372 participants. Job Satisfaction Survey scale, and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory were adapted as research instruments to collect the study’s quantitative data. Open-ended questions from the adapted tools and informants’ interview guide were used to collect qualitative data. Quantitative data was analysed in descriptive and inferential statistics through Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation, while qualitative data was analysed in thematic form. The findings indicated that teachers who were categorized as having high level of workload stress had the lowest mean score of job satisfaction (M= 62.44, SD = 10.65). The results further indicated that teachers’ workload stress had a significant negative relationship with job satisfaction scores (r(366)= -0.19, P< 0.05). It was recommended that school managers ought to look into approaches that could reduce teachers’ workload stress and improve their job satisfaction. Such approaches may include benchmarking teachers’ working hours for both teaching and non-teaching school responsibilities with the existing international labour standards, and integrating modern technology to promote automation and cut down on repetitive tasks.
References
Adams, J. S. (1963). Towards an understanding of inequity. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(5), 422–436. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040968
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191.
Department for Education (2019, October 11). Teachers workload survey: Government social research, Gov.Uk. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/teacher-workload-survey-2019.
Fincham, J. (2008). Response rates and responsiveness for surveys, standards, and the Journal. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 72(2), 43. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj720243
Kawa, N. P. (2016). Effects of stress on secondary school teachers’ job performance in Tanzania: A case study of Sumbawanga municipality. [Unpublished master's thesis] The University of Dodoma
Klassen, R. & Chiu, M. (2010). Effects on teachers' self-efficacy and job satisfaction: Teacher gender, years of experience, and job stress. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(3), 741-756. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019237
Kourmousi, N., Darviri, C., Varvogli, L., & Alexopoulos, E. C. (2015). Teacher stress inventory: Validation of the Greek version and perceived stress levels among 3,447 educators. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 8(1), 81–88. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S74752
Maforah, T. (2010). The job satisfaction of principals of previously disadvantaged secondary schools in the North West Province. [Master's thesis, University of South Africa] UNISA Institutional Repository. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4375
Mbatha, K. (2018). Influence of stress on health and productivity of teachers in private primary schools: A case of Nairobi County, Kenya. [Thesis, University of Nairobi]. University of Nairobi Digital Repository. http://hdl.handle.net/11295/104693
Mugo, E. W., & Guyo, W. (2018). Factors contributing to labour turnover among public secondary school teachers in Kenya: A case of Embu County. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 4(1). 362-364.
Mutwiri, E. M. (2015). Institutional factors influencing job satisfaction among teachers in mixed day secondary schools in Imenti South District, Kenya. Thesis, University of Nairobi
Nwimo, F.O. (2005). Health status, anxiety and stress of secondary school teachers in Enugu State. Unpublished Thesis, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Pepe, A., Addimando, L., & Veronese, G. (2017). Measuring teacher job satisfaction: Assessing invariance in the teacher job satisfaction scale (TJSS) across six countries. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 13(3), 396–416. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v13i3.1389
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2010). Teacher self-efficacy and teacher burnout: A study of relations. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(4), 1059–1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.11.001
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2015). Job satisfaction, stress and coping strategies in the teaching profession—What do teachers say? International Education Studies, 8(3), 181–192. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n3p181
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2018). Job demands and job resources as predictors of teacher motivation and well-being. Social Psychology of Education, 21(5), 1251–1275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-018-9464-8
Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes, and consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage publications.
Sugden, N. A. (2010). Teacher workload: A formula for maximizing teacher performance and well-being [Doctoral dissertation, Walden University]. Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/563
Usman, A. M., & Kabir, F. S. (2019). Relationship between job demands, workload and Job satisfaction among teachers in public secondary schools in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 7(4), 42-49.
Yamane, T., (1967). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, 2nd edition, New York: Harper and Row
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Advance Research in Social Science and Humanities
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Terms & Condition
Submission -
Author can submit the manuscript through our online submission process or email us at the designated email id in contact details.
The other mode of submission not accepted than online and email.
Before submission please read the submission guidelines.
NN Publication accepts only article submitted in pdf/doc/docx/rtf file format. Another format except given file formats will no be considered .
Author will be responsible for the error mistakes in the submission files. The minor changes can be done without any cost after publication. But for major changes NN Publication may charges you the editing charges.
Publication (Online) -
The online publication is scheduled on last date of every month, but it can be delayed by 24 to 48 hours due to editorial process if huge number of articles comes to publish in single issue.
Automatic notificatation email will be sent to the all users on publication of an issue, so its author’s duty to check their email inbox or SPAM folder to get this notification.
After publication of article author can not withdraw their article.
If editor’s found any issue after publication of article then the NN Publication have the authority to remove the article from online website.
No refund will be provided after online publication of article.
Publication (Print) -
The print copy publication are sent as per the author’s request after 2 weeks of online publication of that issue.
NN Publication will ship the article by India Post and provide the consignment number on dispatch of print copy.
NN Publication follows all the guidelines of delivery provided by IndiaPost and hence not responsible for delay in delivery due to any kind of reasons.
Refund of hard copy will not be provided after dispatch or print of the journal.
NN Publication will be responsible for raise a complain if there is any issue occurs in delivery, but still will not be responsible for providing the refund.
NN Publication will be responsible to resend the print copy only and only if the print copy is lost or print copy is damaged in delivery / or there is delay more than 6 months.
According to India Post the delivery should be completed with in 1-3 weeks after dispatch of articles.
Privacy Policy-
NN Publicationl uses the email ids of authors and editors and readers for sending editorial or publication notification only, we do not reveal or sell the email ids to any other website or company.
