RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXAM ANXIETY AND CHEATING BEHAVIOR: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF UNDERGRADUATES IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/nnssh.v8i5.1269Keywords:
Exam anxiety, cheating behavior, undergraduates, higher educationAbstract
Cheating behavior is a critical educational concern across all academic levels globally. The trend is pervasive among higher education students and undermines human and national developments. This study examined cheating behavior among students in tertiary institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria, based on their subjective exam anxiety. Two hundred and thirty-seven undergraduates participated in the study. The students were conveniently pooled from different institutions of higher learning between February and April 2022. They completed self-report measures of the Cognitive Exam Anxiety Scale and the Cheating behavior Scale. The data were analyzed using a Pearson-moment correlation. The finding revealed a statistically significant, moderate positive correlation between exam anxiety and cheating behavior, r (235) = .44, p < .001. Importantly, exam anxiety explained 12.6% of the variation in cheating behavior. The finding has implications for educational and institutional development.
References
Aaron, L. S., & Roche, C. M. (2013). Stemming the Tide of Cheating behavior in Higher Education: It Takes a Village. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 42(2). https://doi.org/10.2190/et.42.2.h
Adzima, K. (2020). Examining online cheating in higher education using traditional classroom cheating as a guide. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 18(6). https://doi.org/10.34190/JEL.18.6.002
Amoo, S. A. (2014). Tertiary Educational Institutions for Teaching, Research, and Development. African Higher Education Review, 8(2).
Ampuni, S., Kautsari, N., Maharani, M., Kuswardani, S., & Buwono, S. B. S. (2020). Cheating behavior in Indonesian College Students: an Investigation from a Moral Psychology Perspective. Journal of Academic Ethics, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-019-09352-2
Archibong, I. A. (2013). Forms of dishonesty amongst academic staff and the way forward. Canadian Social Science, 9(1).
Arhin, A. O., & Jones, K. A. (2009). A multidiscipline exploration of college students' perceptions of cheating behavior: Are nursing students different from other college students? Nurse Education Today, 29(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2009.03.001
Azulay Chertok, I. R., Barnes, E. R., & Gilleland, D. (2014). Academic integrity in the online learning environment for health sciences students. Nurse Education Today, 34(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2013.06.002
Bachore, M. M. (2016). The nature, causes, and practices of cheating behavior/cheating in Higher Education: The case of Hawassa University. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(19).
Balogun, A. G., Balogun, S. K., & Onyencho, C. V. (2017). Exam anxiety and Academic Performance among Undergraduates: The Moderating Role of Achievement Motivation. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 20. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2017.5
Baran, L., & Jonason, P. K. (2020). Cheating behavior among university students: The roles of the psychopathy, motivation, and self-efficacy. PLoS ONE, 15(8 august). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238141
Bassey, B., & Iruoje, J. (2017). Exam anxiety, attitude to schooling, parental influence, and peer pressure as predictors of students cheating tendencies in examination in Edo State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Social Sciences, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.4314/gjss.v15i1.4
Bayaa Martin Saana, S. B., Ablordeppey, E., Mensah, N. J., & Karikari, T. K. (2016). Cheating behavior in higher education: Students' perceptions and involvement in an African institution. BMC Research Notes, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-016-2044-0
Behroozi, N., Rafiee, Z., & Haji Yakhchali, A. (2017). Personality Characteristics, Sensation-Seeking, Locus of Control and Exam Anxiety as the Predictors of Exam Cheating Among the High School Students in Ahvaz City. Iranian Evolutionary Educational Psychology Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.21859/ieepj-01014
Brimble, M. (2016). Why students cheat: An exploration of the motivators of student cheating behavior in higher education. In Handbook of Academic Integrity. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-098-8_58
Buraimo, O., Oyedokun, O. S., Olusanya, O. F., & Adekunmisi, R. S. (2020). Plagiarism Perceptions among Undergraduates at Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria. Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies, 37(4). https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-659x/6409
Cassady, J. C., & Johnson, R. E. (2002). Cognitive exam anxiety and academic performance. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.2001.1094
Chapell, M. S., Benjamin Blanding, Z., Takahashi, M., Silverstein, M. E., Newman, B., Gubi, A., & McCann, N. (2005). Exam anxiety and academic performance in undergraduate and graduate students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97(2). https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.97.2.268
Chapman, K. J., & Lupton, R. A. (2004). Cheating behavior in a global educational market: A comparison of Hong Kong and American university business students. In International Journal of Educational Management (Vol. 18, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.1108/09513540410563130
Chukwuemeka, U. (2013). Cheating behavior among Nigeria pharmacy students: A comparison with the United Kingdom. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7(27). https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2013.3587
Dai, H., Zhang, S. X., Looi, K. H., Su, R., & Li, J. (2020). Perception of health conditions and test availability as predictors of adults' mental health during the covid-19 pandemic: A survey study of adults in Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155498
Danthony, S., Mascret, N., & Cury, F. (2020). Exam anxiety in physical education: The predictive role of gender, age, and implicit theories of athletic ability. European Physical Education Review, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X19839408
Denisova-Schmidt, E. (2016). The Global Challenge of Academic Integrity. International Higher Education, 87. https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2016.87.9494
Donati, M. A., Izzo, V. A., Scabia, A., Boncompagni, J., & Primi, C. (2020). Measuring Exam anxiety With an Invariant Measure Across Genders: The case of the german exam anxiety inventory. Psychological Reports, 123(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294119843224
Ellahi, A., Mushtaq, R., & Khan, M. B. (2013). Multi-campus investigation of cheating behavior in higher education of Pakistan. International Journal of Educational Management, 27(6). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-03-2012-0039
Encandela, J., Gibson, C., Angoff, N., Leydon, G., & Green, M. (2014). Characteristics of exam anxiety among medical students and congruence of strategies to address it. Medical Education Online, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.3402/meo.v19.25211
Farisi, M. I. (2013). Cheating behavior in the distance higher education: Challenges and models for moral education in the digital era. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.76761
Faucher, D., & Caves, S. (2009). Cheating behavior: Innovative cheating techniques and the detection and prevention of them. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2008.09.003
Feday, S. W. (2017). Cheating behavior in Ethiopian higher education and its implication for corruption. Beijing Law Review, 08(01). https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2017.81002
Fields, M. U. (1). (2003). The influence of psychological type, self-esteem, and gender on cheating behavior of students in higher education. In Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences (Vol. 64, Issues 3-A).
Finchilescu, G., & Cooper, A. (2018). Perceptions of cheating behavior in a South African University: A Q-Methodology Approach. Ethics and Behavior, 28(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2017.1279972
Hamlin, A., Barczyk, C., Powell, G., & Frost, J. (2013). A comparison of university efforts to contain cheating behavior. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 16(1).
Hammoudi, A., & Benzerroug, S. (2021). Cheating on Exams: Dishonest or Justifiable Behaviour? International Journal of English Language Studies, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.32996/ijels.2021.3.3.7
Hodges, S. K. (2017). "Cheating behavior in higher education: perceptions and opinions of undergraduates. Electronic Theses and Dissertations.
Hyseni Duraku, Z., & Hoxha, L. (2018). Self-esteem, study skills, self-concept, social support, psychological distress, and coping mechanisms effects exam anxiety and academic performance. Health Psychology Open, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102918799963
Jekayinfa, A. A., Omosewo, E. O., Yusuf, A. A., & Ajidagba, U. A. (2011). Curbing examination dishonesty in Nigeria through value education. Educational Research and Reviews, 6(2).
Kromydas, T. (2017). Rethinking higher education and its relationship with social inequalities: Past knowledge, present state, and future potential. Palgrave Communications, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-017-0001-8
Krou, M. R., Fong, C. J., & Hoff, M. A. (2021). Achievement Motivation and Cheating behavior: A Meta-Analytic Investigation. Educational Psychology Review, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09557-7
Lin, C. H. S., & Wen, L. Y. M. (2007). Cheating behavior in a higher education-a nationwide study in Taiwan. Higher Education, 54(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-006-9047-z
Maina, A. B., Maina, M. B., & Jauro, S. (2014). Plagiarism: A perspective from a case of a Northern University.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Advance Research in Social Science and Humanities
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Terms & Condition
Submission -
Author can submit the manuscript through our online submission process or email us at the designated email id in contact details.
The other mode of submission not accepted than online and email.
Before submission please read the submission guidelines.
NN Publication accepts only article submitted in pdf/doc/docx/rtf file format. Another format except given file formats will no be considered .
Author will be responsible for the error mistakes in the submission files. The minor changes can be done without any cost after publication. But for major changes NN Publication may charges you the editing charges.
Publication (Online) -
The online publication is scheduled on last date of every month, but it can be delayed by 24 to 48 hours due to editorial process if huge number of articles comes to publish in single issue.
Automatic notificatation email will be sent to the all users on publication of an issue, so its author’s duty to check their email inbox or SPAM folder to get this notification.
After publication of article author can not withdraw their article.
If editor’s found any issue after publication of article then the NN Publication have the authority to remove the article from online website.
No refund will be provided after online publication of article.
Publication (Print) -
The print copy publication are sent as per the author’s request after 2 weeks of online publication of that issue.
NN Publication will ship the article by India Post and provide the consignment number on dispatch of print copy.
NN Publication follows all the guidelines of delivery provided by IndiaPost and hence not responsible for delay in delivery due to any kind of reasons.
Refund of hard copy will not be provided after dispatch or print of the journal.
NN Publication will be responsible for raise a complain if there is any issue occurs in delivery, but still will not be responsible for providing the refund.
NN Publication will be responsible to resend the print copy only and only if the print copy is lost or print copy is damaged in delivery / or there is delay more than 6 months.
According to India Post the delivery should be completed with in 1-3 weeks after dispatch of articles.
Privacy Policy-
NN Publicationl uses the email ids of authors and editors and readers for sending editorial or publication notification only, we do not reveal or sell the email ids to any other website or company.