EMBODIED AND EXBODIED MIND: WHAT IN BETWEEN WHEN BODY IMAGE AND BODY SCHEMA (DE)-CONNECT?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/76kr1q12Keywords:
Embodied mind, Body image, Body schema, Picture test, Erotic CapitalAbstract
When social and clinical psychology “work together,” cultural-based disturbs, like eating disorder behaviour, can be seen in a new light. Self-image is a perception product based on icon memory, imagination, sensory stimulus, social context expectations, self-beliefs about social context adequacy, etc. Still, it is also based on self-representation, like dress, fashion, maquillage, etc.
A different discourse can be done for what psychology intends for body schema. Body gesture, movement, and action result from very complex different neural systems cooperation, combining sensory and motor brain centres. Training to build neuro-motor schemas requires a very long time and effort, as in each human art like dance, sports, playing drama, art crafts competencies, etc.
What if one’s body image and body schema are unbalanced? If the social body image pressure will bring one’s total mimesis with it or to an original, personal interpretation is here attributed to the “exboding” capacity, coming from a “sufficient” balance between body schema and body image.
Some anorexia nervosa patients are frequently engaged in intense physical activities. In our interpretation, their conscious control of the body comes from the social colonisation of embodied images that produce a disequilibrium between body image and body schema. Thus, a sort of “body-image” liberation could be possible if a deep awareness of our body schema is reached.
The central hypothesis of this work is that the embodiment processes, primarily dependent on cultural pressure, have to be seen in unstable equilibrium with exbodiment experiences, which can be considered as the expression of body schema originated by personal sensory-motor history (see References 1; 2; 3). To evaluate the possible separation between the two, a new picture questionnaire has been elaborated.
Dysmorphic "confusion" is widely spreading in contemporary Western societies, particularly among adolescents (4; 5). The perception of how we are seen by others (body image) is one of the core issues in social trends, education, and psychopathology (6).
On the other hand, what one implicitly knows of his/her somatic body (body schema) represents the psychological antecedent basis implied in social interaction (2).
This article attempts to give a quantitative dimension to the two sides of the body, the structural, implicit one (body-schema) and the public, partly self-controlled one (body-image).
References
Adams, F. (2010). Embodied cognition. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 9(4), 619-628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-010-9175-x
Bernardi, N., Marino, B., Maravita, A., Castelnuovo, G., Tebano, R., & Bricolo, E. (2013). Grasping in wonderland: altering the visual size of the body recalibrates the body schema. Experimental Brain Research, 226(4), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-013-3467-7
Csordas, T. J. (2001). Embodiment and experience: the existential Ground of culture and Self / edited by Thomas J. Csordas. Cambridge: Cambridge University press.
de Bruin, L., & Michael, J. (2017). Prediction error minimization: Implications for Embodied Cognition and the Extended Mind Hypothesis. Brain and Cognition, 112, 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2016.01.009
de Preester H, Knockaert V. (2005), Body Image and Body Schema, John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, Philadelphia.
Diamond, N. (2013). Between Skins: The Body in Psychoanalysis, Chichester, Wiley-Blackwell.
Farr R. M., Moscovici S., Rappresentazioni Sociali, II Mulino, Bologna, 1989.
Froese, T., Ziemke, T. (2009). "Enactive Artificial Intelligence: Investigating the Systemic Organization of Life and Mind." Artificial Intelligence 173.3 (2009): 466-500. Web.
Gadsby, S. (2017). Distorted body representations in anorexia nervosa. Consciousness and Cognition, 51, 17-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2017.02.015
Gallagher S., Zahavi D. (2012). The Phenomenological Mind. 2nd ed. London; New York: Routledge.
Hakim, Catherine (2011). Erotic Capital: The Power of Attraction in the Boardroom and the Bedroom. Basic Books, London.
Howe, C. Q., Beau Lotto, R., & Purves, D. (2006). Comparison of Bayesian and empirical ranking approaches to visual perception. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 241(4), 866-875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.01.017
Lakoff G. and Johnson M. (1982), Metaphor We Live by. Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press.
Lewin, K. (1939). Field Theory and Experiment in Social Psychology: Concepts and Methods. The American journal of sociology, 44(6), 868-896. https://doi.org/10.1086/218177
Lindblom, J. (2015). Embodied social cognition / Jessica Lindblom. Chan : Springer.
Lopez, C., Schreyer, H.-M., Preuss, N., & Mast, F. W. (2012). Vestibular stimulation modifies the body schema. Neuropsychologia, 50(8), 1830-1837.
Mead, George Herbert (1934), Mind, self and Society; edited by Charles W. Morris, annotated ed. by Daniel R. Huebner and Hans Joas, 2015.
Ondobaka, S., Kilner, J., & Friston, K. (2017). The role of interoceptive inference in theory of mind. Brain and Cognition, 112, 64-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2015.08.002
Pitron, V., Alsmith, A., & de Vignemont, F. (2018). How do the body schema and the body image interact? Consciousness and Cognition, 65, 352-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2018.08.007
Seth, A. K. (2013). Interoceptive inference, emotion, and the embodied self. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(11), 565-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.09.007
Seth, A. K., & Tsakiris, M. (2018). Being a Beast Machine: The Somatic Basis of Selfhood. Trends in cognitive sciences, 22(11), 969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.08.008
Stern, E. (2015). Embodied cognition: A grasp on human thinking. Nature, 524(7564), 158-159. https://doi.org/10.1038/524158a
Stewart J., Gapenne O. and Di Paolo E.A. (2010). Enaction. Toward a New Paradigm for Cognitive Science, MIT Press, Boston.
Varela F.J., Rosch E. and Thompson E. (1992), The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience, Cambridge, MIT Press.
Zamariola, G., Vlemincx, E., Corneille, O., & Luminet, O. (2018). Relationship between interoceptive accuracy, interoceptive sensibility, and alexithymia. Personality and Individual Differences, 125(C), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.024
Zatti, A. and Zarbo C. , Embodied and exbodied mind in clinical psychology. A proposal for a psycho-social interpretation of mental disorders, Frontiers in Psychology, HYPOTHESIS AND THEORY ARTICLE published: 03 March 2015 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00236
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Advance Research in Social Science and Humanities (ISSN 2208-2387)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Terms & Condition
Submission -
Author can submit the manuscript through our online submission process or email us at the designated email id in contact details.
The other mode of submission not accepted than online and email.
Before submission please read the submission guidelines.
NN Publication accepts only article submitted in pdf/doc/docx/rtf file format. Another format except given file formats will no be considered .
Author will be responsible for the error mistakes in the submission files. The minor changes can be done without any cost after publication. But for major changes NN Publication may charges you the editing charges.
Publication (Online) -
The online publication is scheduled on last date of every month, but it can be delayed by 24 to 48 hours due to editorial process if huge number of articles comes to publish in single issue.
Automatic notificatation email will be sent to the all users on publication of an issue, so its author’s duty to check their email inbox or SPAM folder to get this notification.
After publication of article author can not withdraw their article.
If editor’s found any issue after publication of article then the NN Publication have the authority to remove the article from online website.
No refund will be provided after online publication of article.
Publication (Print) -
The print copy publication are sent as per the author’s request after 2 weeks of online publication of that issue.
NN Publication will ship the article by India Post and provide the consignment number on dispatch of print copy.
NN Publication follows all the guidelines of delivery provided by IndiaPost and hence not responsible for delay in delivery due to any kind of reasons.
Refund of hard copy will not be provided after dispatch or print of the journal.
NN Publication will be responsible for raise a complain if there is any issue occurs in delivery, but still will not be responsible for providing the refund.
NN Publication will be responsible to resend the print copy only and only if the print copy is lost or print copy is damaged in delivery / or there is delay more than 6 months.
According to India Post the delivery should be completed with in 1-3 weeks after dispatch of articles.
Privacy Policy-
NN Publicationl uses the email ids of authors and editors and readers for sending editorial or publication notification only, we do not reveal or sell the email ids to any other website or company.
