Big Five of Personality and Cognitive Style Big Five Factors of Personality and Reflection – Impulsivity Cognitive Style: A Cross- Cultural Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/nnssh.v5i4.727Keywords:
Personality, Big five personality, Reflection- impulsivity, Cognitive style, Cross cultural studyAbstract
Objective: This study examines the differences between individual culture (American sample) and collective cultures (Egyptian and Saudi Arabian samples) in Reflection- impulsivity (RI) categories and Big Five of personality traits. The relative contribution of Big Five of personality traits and culture are predicted with RI categories.
Method: Computerized MFFT and NEO PI R administrated on 53 male and female Egyptian, 51 female Saudi, and 35 male and females Americans students.
Results: Using (Z) ratio, results showed no differences among three cultures in MFFT categories except Saudi who were more slow- inaccurate than Egyptian students. Using ANOVA to know significant differences among three cultures on NEO- PI R facets and dimensions. Egyptian were more (O1), (N2), and (E5) than were the Saudi students; Saudi students were more (A3) (A4), (A6), (C4), and agreeableness than were the Egyptian, and more (C2) than American; American who were more (O1), and (E6) than were the Egyptian students, and more (O1), (E5) and (E6) than were the Saudi students.
Conclusions: The culture variable was not predicted with MFFT’ categories, except the Egyptian students who were more inefficient than were the American students as a reference group, and with multinomial regression analysis, only extraversion dimension expected to impulsivity.
References
Alkailani, M., Azzam, I.A. & Athamneh, A. (2012). Replicating Hofstede in Jordan: Ungeneralized, reevaluating the Jordanian culture. International Business Research, 5 (4), 71- 80. doi:10.5539/ibr.v5n4p71
Bentler, P. M. & McClain, J. (1976). A multitrait - multimethod analysis of reflectionimpulsivity. Child Development, 47, 218-226
Bernardi, R. (2006). Associations between Hofstede’s cultural constructs and social desirability response bias. Journal of Business Ethics, 65, 43-53. doi: 10.1007/s10551- 005-5353-0
Berry, J. W., Poortinga, Y. H., Sigall, M. H. & Dasen, R. (2002). Cross-cultural psychology: Research and applications (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press
Bierbryer, B. (1973). Conceptual tempo, sex, and creative. Dissertation Abstract International, 33 (11A) 3168
Boyer, W. N. & Strachan, D. E. (1990). Conceptual tempo and resolution of social conflict by children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 70, 225-226
Buela - Casal, G., Carretro- Dios, H. & De los Santos-Roig, M. (2001). Assessment of longitudinal consistency for Matching Familiar Figures Test–20 (MFFT 20) on reflexivity – impulsivity. Clinical Salud, 12 (1),51 – 70
Cheung, F. M., Leung,K., Zhang, J., Sun, H., Gan,Y. Song, W. & Xie, D. (2001). Indigenous Chinese personality constructs: Is the Five-Factor Model complete?. Journal of CrossCultural Psychology, 32 (4), 407-433. doi: 10.1177/0022022101032004003
Church, A. T., Katigbak, M. S. & del Prado, A. M (2010). Cultural similarities and differences in perceived affordances of situations for big five behaviors. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 78–90. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.11.003
Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised Neo personality inventory (NEO PI-R) and Neo Five – Factor inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc
Davidson, W. B. (1984). Personality correlates of Matching Familiar Figures Test in adults. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48 (5), 478- 482.
Karkheck, R. H. (1984). Improving children's problem solving abilities: The moderating effect of selected cognitive / personality variables on divergent thinking. Dissertation Abstract International, 45 (4B), 1302
Kenny, R. (2007). Digital narrative as a chang agent to teach reading to media – centric students. International Journal of social Science, 2 (3), 187 – 195
Kopfstein, D. (1973). Risk-taking behavior and cognitive style. Child Development, 44, 190-192
Inglehart, R. & Baker, W. E. (2000). Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values. American Sociological Review, 65, 19-51
Jamieson, J. (1992). The cognitive style of reflection / impulsivity and Field independence /dependence and ESL success. The Modern Language Journal, 76 (4), 491- 501
Heckel, V., Allen, S., Andrews, L., Roeder, G., Ryba, P. & Zook, W. (1989). Normative data on the Kagan Matching Familiar Figures Test for adult male incarcerates. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45 (1), 155- 160
Herman,A. M.; Critchley, H. D. & Duka, T. (2018). Risk-taking and impulsivity: The role of mood states and interoception. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-11. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01625
Hinkel, H. W. (1973). Creativity and conceptual tempo. Dissertation Abstract International, 33 (12- B), 6059 – 6060
Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 2. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8
Hofstede, G & McCrae, R. R. (2004). Personality and culture revisited: Linking traits and dimensions of culture. Cross-Cultural Research, 38 (1), 52-88. doi:10.1177/1069397103259443
Lee, C. H., Sudweeks, F. & Cheng,y. W. (2012). A Longitudinal study on the effect of hypermedia on learning dimensions, culture, and teaching evaluation. In M. Strano, H. Hrachovec, F. Sudweeks and C. Ess (eds). Proceedings Cultural Attitudes towards Technology and Communication (pp. 146- 162). Australia: Murdoch University
Messer, S. B. (1976). Reflection- impulsivity: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 83 (6), 1026- 1052
Messick, S. (1984). The nature of cognitive styles: Problems and promise in educational practice. Educational Psychologist, 19 (2), 59-74
Migliore, L. A. (2011). Relation between big five personality traits and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 18 (1), 38- 54
Nietfeld, J. & Bosma, A. (2003). Examining the self-regulation of impulsive and reflective response styles on academic tasks. Journal of Research in Personality 32, 118–140. doi:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00564-0
Olaseinde, O. (1994). The relationship of cognitive style dimension of impulsivity/reflectivity with creativity in secondary schools. An International Journal of Psychology, 2 (1), 64-74
Peters, R. D. & Bernfeld, G. (1983). Reflection-impulsivity and social reasoning. Developmental Psychology, 19 (1), 78-81
Riding, R. (1997). On the nature of cognitive style. Educational Psychology, 17 (1/2), 29-50
Riding, R. & Cheema, I (1991). Cognitive styles: An overview and integration. Educational Psychology, 11 (3/4), 193- 223
Riding, R, & Wigley, S. (1997). The relationship between cognitive style and personality in further education students. Personality and Individual Differences, 23 (3), 379-389
Rocklin, T. & Revelle, W. (1981). The measurement of extraversion: A comparison of the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. British Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 279- 284
Rosenfield, S., Houtz, J. C. & Steffero, F. A. (1977). Relationship of children's conceptual tempo to problem solving and creativity. Psychology in the Schools, 14 (3), 364- 371
Ruby, M. B., Falk, C. F., Heine,S. J.,Villa, C. and Silberstein, O. (2012). Not all collectivisms are equal: Opposing preferences for ideal affect between East Asians and Mexicans. Emotion, Online First Publication, July 9. doi: 10.1037/a0029118
Savvas, M, El-Kot, G. & Salder-Smith, E. (2001). Comparative study of cognitive styles in Egypt, Greece, Hong Kong and the UK. International Journal of Training and Development, 5 (1), 64- 73
Schmitt, P., Allik, J., McCrae, R. & Benet-Martínez, V. (2007). The geographic distribution of big five personality traits: Patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38 (2), 173-212. doi:10.1177/0022022106297299
Schmitt, D. P., Realo, A., Voracek, M. & Allik, J. (2008). Why can’t a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in big five personality traits across 55 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94 (1), 168-182
Shoimah, R. N.; Lukito, A. & Siswono, T. Y. (2018) The creativity of reflective and impulsive selected students in solving geometric problems. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 947- 012023. doi :10.1088/1742-6596/947/1/012023
Silvestro, J. R. (1976). Brainstorming, convergent thinking tasks and conceptual tempo of impulsive and reflective children. Psychological Reports, 38, 873 – 874
Smith, J. D. & Caplan, J. (1988). Cultural differences in cognitive style development. Developmental Psychology, 24 (1), 46 – 52
Soubelet, A. & Salthouse, T. A. (2011). Influence of social desirability on age differences in self-reports of mood and personality. Journal of Personality, 79(4), 741–762. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00700.x
Sternberg, R. J. & Grigorenko, E. L. (1997). Are cognitive styles still in style?. American Psychologists, 52 (7), 700 – 712
Szeschlik, T. (1993). General intelligence, temperament, and the Matching Familiar FiguresTest. European Journal of Personality, 7, 379 – 386
Taras, V., Kirkman, B.L. & Steel P. (2010). Examining the impact of culture's consequences: a three-decade, multilevel, meta-analytic review of Hofstede's cultural value dimensions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 405-439
Templer, K. J. (2012). Five-Factor Model of personality and job satisfaction: The importance of agreeableness in a tight and collectivistic Asian society. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 61 (1), 114–129. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2011.00459.x
Triandis, H. C. & Suh, E. M. (2002). Cultural influences on personality. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 133-160
Younis, F. & Khalil, E. (2007). Personality five factors model: Validation and cross-cultural explicability. Derasat Nafseyah, 17 (3), 553- 583.(in Arabic)
Waring, D. A. & Farthing, C. B. (1999). Impulsive response style affects computer – administrated multiple – choice test performance. Journal of Instructional Psychology,26 (2),
Weijer, H., Wiesbeck, G. & Böning, J. (2001). Reflection – impulsivity, personality and performance: A psychometric and validity study of Matching Familiar Figures Test in detoxified alcoholics. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 731 – 754
Wu, K., Lindsted, K., Tsai, S. and Lee, J. (2008).Chinese NEO – PI -R in Taiwanese adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 656–667
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Terms & Condition
Submission -
Author can submit the manuscript through our online submission process or email us at the designated email id in contact details.
The other mode of submission not accepted than online and email.
Before submission please read the submission guidelines.
NN Publication accepts only article submitted in pdf/doc/docx/rtf file format. Another format except given file formats will no be considered .
Author will be responsible for the error mistakes in the submission files. The minor changes can be done without any cost after publication. But for major changes NN Publication may charges you the editing charges.
Publication (Online) -
The online publication is scheduled on last date of every month, but it can be delayed by 24 to 48 hours due to editorial process if huge number of articles comes to publish in single issue.
Automatic notificatation email will be sent to the all users on publication of an issue, so its author’s duty to check their email inbox or SPAM folder to get this notification.
After publication of article author can not withdraw their article.
If editor’s found any issue after publication of article then the NN Publication have the authority to remove the article from online website.
No refund will be provided after online publication of article.
Publication (Print) -
The print copy publication are sent as per the author’s request after 2 weeks of online publication of that issue.
NN Publication will ship the article by India Post and provide the consignment number on dispatch of print copy.
NN Publication follows all the guidelines of delivery provided by IndiaPost and hence not responsible for delay in delivery due to any kind of reasons.
Refund of hard copy will not be provided after dispatch or print of the journal.
NN Publication will be responsible for raise a complain if there is any issue occurs in delivery, but still will not be responsible for providing the refund.
NN Publication will be responsible to resend the print copy only and only if the print copy is lost or print copy is damaged in delivery / or there is delay more than 6 months.
According to India Post the delivery should be completed with in 1-3 weeks after dispatch of articles.
Privacy Policy-
NN Publicationl uses the email ids of authors and editors and readers for sending editorial or publication notification only, we do not reveal or sell the email ids to any other website or company.
