ACADEMIC BURNOUT AND EXAM ANXIETY AS PREDICTORS OF EXAM MALPRACTICE AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN ENUGU STATE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/nnssh.v8i8.1349Keywords:
academic burnout, exam anxiety, exam malpractice, undergraduatesAbstract
Examination malpractice has been a significant challenge in Nigeria's educational system. The trend is pervasive across all levels of schooling and has downgraded the integrity of the assessment processes. Past research has underscored the pattern and prospects of exam malpractice. However, little is known about the influence of burnout and exam-related uneasiness. The present study examined academic burnout and exam anxiety as predictors of exam malpractice in undergraduates in Enugu state. Two hundred and thirty-three undergraduates enrolled in public tertiary institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria, participated in the study. The respondents completed a self-report measure of the cognitive test anxiety scale, academic burnout scale, and exam malpractice questionnaire. A cross-sectional design was employed in the study. Data from the respondents were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, Version 23). Multiple regression was computed to test the main hypotheses of the study. The result indicated that academic burnout and exam anxiety significantly predicted exam malpractice, F (2, 231) = 31.25, p < 0.05. All two variables added statistically significantly to the prediction and contributed about 13.4% of the variance in exam malpractice. The result has implications for combating cheating in academia and provides crucial data for research.
References
Alarape, A. I., & Onakoya, A. . (2003). Correlates of examination cheating behaviour among university students. IFE PsychologIA, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.4314/ifep.v11i1.23441
Aldossari, M., & Chaudhry, S. (2021). Women and burnout in the context of a pandemic. Gender, Work and Organization, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12567
Aydin, U. (2019). Test anxiety: Gender differences in elementary school students. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.1.21
Azmat, F., Samaratunge, R., & Ferdous, A. (2021). Consumer well-being and social responsibility of subsistence entrepreneurs in subsistence marketplace. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12308
Bassey, B., & Iruoje, J. (2017). Test anxiety, attitude to schooling, parental influence, and peer pressure as predictors of students cheating tendencies in examination in Edo State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Social Sciences, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.4314/gjss.v15i1.4
Behroozi, N., Rafiee, Z., & Haji Yakhchali, A. (2017). Personality characteristics, sensation-seeking, locus of control, and exam anxiety are predictors of exam cheating among high school students in Ahvaz City. Iranian Evolutionary Educational Psychology Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.21859/ieepj-01014
Bisong, N. N., Akpama, F., & Edet, P. B. (2009). The cheating tendency in examinations among secondary school students in Nigeria: A case study of schools in the odukpani local government area, Cross River State. Policy Futures in Education, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2009.7.4.410
Cassady, J. C., & Johnson, R. E. (2002). Cognitive test anxiety and academic performance. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.2001.1094
Chairilsyah, D. (2020). Cheating on elementary school students. Primary: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.33578/jpfkip.v9i6.8090
Chala, W. D. (2021). Perceived seriousness of academic cheating behaviors among undergraduate students: an Ethiopian experience. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-020-00069-z
Chang, E., Lee, A., Byeon, E., Seong, H., & Lee, S. M. (2016). The mediating effect of motivational types in the relationship between perfectionism and academic burnout. Personality and Individual Differences, 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.010
Diego, L. A. B. (2017). Friends with benefits: Causes and effects of learners' cheating practices during an examination. IAFOR Journal of Education, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.22492/ije.5.2.06
Dubale, B. W., Friedman, L. E., Chemali, Z., Denninger, J. W., Mehta, D. H., Alem, A., Fricchione, G. L., Dossett, M. L., & Gelaye, B. (2019). A systematic review of burnout among healthcare providers in sub-Saharan Africa. In BMC Public Health (Vol. 19, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7566-7
Evans, E. D., & Craig, D. (1990). Adolescent Cognitions for Academic Cheating as a Grade Level and Achievement Status Function. Journal of Adolescent Research, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/074355489053005
Fernate, A., & Smila, B. (2020). Pre-service sports specialists' perceptions of academic integrity. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, 6. https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol6.5134
Hammoudi, A., & Benzerroug, S. (2021). Cheating on exams: Dishonest or justifiable behavior? International Journal of English Language Studies, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.32996/ijels.2021.3.3.7
Harding, T. S. (2001). On the frequency and causes of academic dishonesty among engineering students. ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--9621
Ifeoma, I. R., Uzoma, I. C., & Christian, U. C. (2019). Factors influencing examination cheating behaviors by consumers of post-primary education in Enugu, Nigeria. International Journal of Marketing Research Innovation, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.46281/ijmri.v3i1.335
Jackson, C. J., Levine, S. Z., Furnham, A., & Burr, N. (2002). Predictors of cheating behavior at a university: A lesson from work psychology. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00254.x
Kam, C. C. S., Hue, M. T., & Cheung, H. Y. (2018). Academic dishonesty among Hong Kong secondary school students: application of the theory of planned behavior. Educational Psychology, 38(7). https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2018.1454588
Karimah, H., & Khairani. (2020). The relationship of self efficacy with cheating behavior and implications for guidance and counseling services. Jurnal Neo Konseling, 2(3).
Karimi, Y., Bashirpur, M., Khabbaz, M., & Hedayati, A. A. (2014). Comparison between Perfectionism and Social Support Dimensions and Academic Burnout in Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.328
Khasne, R. W., Dhakulkar, B. S., Mahajan, H. C., & Kulkarni, A. P. (2020). Burnout among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in India: Results of a questionnaire-based survey. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 24(8). https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23518
Kim, B., Jee, S., Lee, J., An, S., & Lee, S. M. (2018). Relationships between social support and student burnout: A meta-analytic approach. Stress and Health, 34(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2771
Koc, S., & Memduhoglu, H. B. (2020). A model test for university students' cheating behavior in the context of the theory of planned behavior. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v15i4.5056
Koutsimani, P., Montgomery, A., & Georganta, K. (2019). The relationship between burnout, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In Frontiers in Psychology (Vol. 10, Issue MAR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00284
Krispenz, A., Gort, C., Schültke, L., & Dickhäuser, O. (2019). How to reduce test anxiety and academic procrastination through inquiry of cognitive appraisals: A pilot study investigating the role of academic self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(AUG). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01917
Kwon, J. H., Hong, N., Kim, K., Heo, J., Kim, J. J., & Kim, E. (2020). Feasibility of a virtual reality program in managing test anxiety: a pilot study. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 23(10). https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0651
Lestari, I., & Mutiah, D. (2020). The Influence of Self-Regulated Learning, Goal Orientation, and Demographic Variables on Jakarta 41 States Vocational High School Students' Cheating Behavior. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200220.004
Li, T., & Zhou, Y. (2019). Do pay-for-grades programs encourage student academic cheating? evidence from a randomized experiment. Frontiers of Education in China, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11516-019-0005-9
Lian, R., Yang, L., & Wu, L. (2005). Relationship between professional commitment and learning burnout of undergraduates and scales developing. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 37(5).
Lin, S. H., & Huang, Y. C. (2014). Life stress and academic burnout. Active Learning in Higher Education, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787413514651
Lotz, C., & Sparfeldt, J. R. (2017). Does test anxiety increase as the exam draws near? – Students' state test anxiety was recorded over one semester. Personality and Individual Differences, 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.08.032
Lucifora, C., & Tonello, M. (2015). Cheating and social interactions. Evidence from a randomized experiment in a national evaluation program. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2014.12.006
Maggioni, M. A., & Rossignoli, D. (2020). Clever little lies: Math performance and cheating in primary schools in Congo. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.12.021
Malesky, A., Grist, C., Poovey, K., & Dennis, N. (2022). The effects of peer influence, honor codes, and personality traits on cheating behavior in a university setting. Ethics and Behavior, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2020.1869006
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311
Mavilidi, M. F., Ouwehand, K., Riley, N., Chandler, P., & Paas, F. (2020). Effects of an acute physical activity break on test anxiety and math test performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051523
McCabe, D. L., Butterfield, K. D., & Treviño, L. K. (2006). Academic dishonesty in graduate business programs: Prevalence, causes, and proposed action. In Academy of Management Learning and Education (Vol. 5, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.5465/AMLE.2006.22697018
Mih, C., & Mih, V. (2016). Fear of failure, disaffection, and procrastination as mediators between controlled motivation and academic cheating. Cognitie, Creier, Comportament, 20(2).
Nora, W. L. Y., & Zhang, K. C. (2010). Motives of cheating among secondary students: The role of self-efficacy and peer influence. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-010-9104-2
Nwosu, K. C., Nwasor, V. C., Onyebuchi, G. C., & Nwanguma, V. C. (2020). Understanding adolescents' moral stance on examination malpractice through the lenses of parenting styles, test anxiety, and their academic self-efficacy. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 18(51). https://doi.org/10.25115/EJREP.V18I51.3014
Ojwan'g, M. A. (2019). Demographics of students in their perspectives on examination cheating in basic education in Kenya. Frontiers in Education Technology, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.22158/fet.v2n4p225
Pyhältö, K., Pietarinen, J., Haverinen, K., Tikkanen, L., & Soini, T. (2021). Teacher burnout profiles and proactive strategies. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 36(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-020-00465-6
Riabchenko, V. (2021). Corporate academic dishonesty as a problem of the university's social responsibility. Continuing Professional Education: Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.28925/1609-8595.2021.2.2
Roos, A. L., Goetz, T., Voracek, M., Krannich, M., Bieg, M., Jarrell, A., & Pekrun, R. (2020). Test anxiety and physiological arousal: a systematic review and meta-analysis. In Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09543-z
Shadach, E., Levy-Frank, I., Levy, S., Amitai, T., & Shadach, E. (2017). Preparatory test anxiety: Cognitive, emotionality, and behavior components. Studia Psychologica, 59(4). https://doi.org/10.21909/sp.2017.04.747
Simon, C. A., Carr, J. R., McCullough, S. M., Morgan, S. J., Oleson, T., & Ressel, M. (2004). Gender, student perceptions, institutional commitments, and academic dishonesty: Who reports in academic dishonesty cases? Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/0260293032000158171
Smith, K. J., Davy, J. A., & Easterling, D. (2004). An examination of cheating and its antecedents among marketing and management majors. Journal of Business Ethics, 50(1). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000020876.72462.3f
Šorgo, A., Vavdi, M., Cigler, U., & Kralj, M. (2015). Opportunity makes the cheater: high school students and academic dishonesty. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.117
Steve, A. A., Nwocha, M. E., & Igwe, I. O. (2019). An appraisal of electoral malpractice and violence as an albatross in nigeria's democratic consolidation. Beijing Law Review, 10(01). https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2019.101005
Valdivia, V. E. R., Goycochea, H. A. B., & Davila, F. A. D. (2020). Factors associated with academic dishonesty in Peruvian engineering students. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Accreditation of Engineering and Computing Education, ICACIT 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACIT50253.2020.9277689
Vanstone, D. M., & Hicks, R. E. (2019). Transitioning to university: Coping styles as mediators between adaptive-maladaptive perfectionism and test anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.12.026
Wenzel, K., & Reinhard, M. A. (2020). Tests and academic cheating: do learning tasks influence cheating through negative evaluations? Social Psychology of Education, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-020-09556-0
Zhang, X., & Qin, J. (2020). Empirical analysis of music's alleviation effect on college students' test anxiety. Revista Argentina de Clinica Psicologica, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.24205/03276716.2020.45
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Advance Research in Social Science and Humanities
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Terms & Condition
Submission -
Author can submit the manuscript through our online submission process or email us at the designated email id in contact details.
The other mode of submission not accepted than online and email.
Before submission please read the submission guidelines.
NN Publication accepts only article submitted in pdf/doc/docx/rtf file format. Another format except given file formats will no be considered .
Author will be responsible for the error mistakes in the submission files. The minor changes can be done without any cost after publication. But for major changes NN Publication may charges you the editing charges.
Publication (Online) -
The online publication is scheduled on last date of every month, but it can be delayed by 24 to 48 hours due to editorial process if huge number of articles comes to publish in single issue.
Automatic notificatation email will be sent to the all users on publication of an issue, so its author’s duty to check their email inbox or SPAM folder to get this notification.
After publication of article author can not withdraw their article.
If editor’s found any issue after publication of article then the NN Publication have the authority to remove the article from online website.
No refund will be provided after online publication of article.
Publication (Print) -
The print copy publication are sent as per the author’s request after 2 weeks of online publication of that issue.
NN Publication will ship the article by India Post and provide the consignment number on dispatch of print copy.
NN Publication follows all the guidelines of delivery provided by IndiaPost and hence not responsible for delay in delivery due to any kind of reasons.
Refund of hard copy will not be provided after dispatch or print of the journal.
NN Publication will be responsible for raise a complain if there is any issue occurs in delivery, but still will not be responsible for providing the refund.
NN Publication will be responsible to resend the print copy only and only if the print copy is lost or print copy is damaged in delivery / or there is delay more than 6 months.
According to India Post the delivery should be completed with in 1-3 weeks after dispatch of articles.
Privacy Policy-
NN Publicationl uses the email ids of authors and editors and readers for sending editorial or publication notification only, we do not reveal or sell the email ids to any other website or company.
