Tertiary Pharmaceutical Care Services: Facts and Realities

Authors

  • Ogbonna Briano Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53555/nnbma.v2i4.502

Keywords:

pharmaceutical, care, model, pharmacist, health, care evidence-based, outcomes

Abstract

Pharmacy practice is dynamic, evolving and requires high level of drug knowledge in clinicaljudgment, decision making and advanced skills in actively and systematically identifying andresolving patients pharmacotherapy problems for desired outcomes to be achieved in patientcare. This study organized literatures and identified the evidence based and ever increasing rolesof pharmacists in tertiary pharmaceutical care. Literature search was conducted in Embase, Medline and Cochrane for evidence based studies describing pharmacist’s tertiarypharmaceutical care. Studies were selected based on their relivance to the subject, existingtheories and models, and were summarized based on qualitative level. Results indicated thatclinical pharmacist led pharmaceutical care improved clinical, economic, and humanisticoutcomes in tertiary care settings. Pharmacists’ roles have evolved from a product to costeffective patient oriented services.

References

.le-Grand A, Hogerzeil HV, Haaijer-Ruskamp FM (1999). Intervention research in rational use of drugs: a review. Health Policy Plan 14(2):89-102.

.Marin N, Luiza VL, Castro CG, Santos SM (2003), organizadores. Assistência farmacêutica para gerentes municipais. Rio de Janeiro: OMS/OPAS;

.Kucukarslan SN, Peters M, Mlynarek M, Nafziger DA (2003). Pharmacists on rounding teams reduce preventable adverse drug events in hospital general medicine units. Arch Intern Med 163(17):2014-8.

.Leape LL, Cullen DJ, Clapp MD, Burdick E, Demonaco HJ, Erickson JI, et al (1999). Pharmacist participation on physician rounds and adverse drug events in the intensive care unit. JAMA 282(3):267-70. Erratum in: JAMA 2000; 283(10):1293.

.Scarsi KK, Fotis MA, Noskin GA (2002). Pharmacist participation in medical rounds reduces medication errors. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 59(21): 2089-92.

.Kucukarslan SN, Peters M, Mlynarek M, Nafziger DA (2003). Pharmacists on rounding teams reduce preventable adverse drug events in hospital general medicine units. Arch Intern Med 163(17):2014-2018.

.Kaboli PJ, Hoth AB, McClimon BJ, Schnipper JL (2006). Clinical pharmacists and inpatient medical care: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med 166(9):955-164.

.Tania MM, Christine R, Jane X (2010). Care Providers’ Satisfaction with Restructured Clinical Pharmacy Services in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. Can J Hosp Pharm 63(2):105– 112.

.Horn E, Jacobi J (2006). The critical care clinical pharmacist: evolution of an essential team member. Critical Care Medicine 34 Suppl.:S46-51.

. Cao Y, Yang W, Lin X, Shao H (2009). Impact of pharmaceutical intervention on the rational use of antibiotics in primary hospital. Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 18:283-6.

. Cao Y, Li Y, Ding H, Cao Z, Sui Z (2011). Survey of clinical pharmacist intervening in prophylactic application of antibiotics during perioperative period of inguinal herniorrhaphy. China Pharmacy 22:2095-7.

. Jonathan Penm, Yan Li, Suodi Zhai, Yongfang Hu (2014). The impact of clinical pharmacy services in China on the quality use of medicines: a systematic review in context of China’s current healthcare reform. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Advance Access publication 19 September 2013. Health Policy and Planning 29:849–872

. Chen B, Li W, Chen S, et al (2011a). Effects of pharmaceutical service intervention on antibacterial use in the first category of orthopedic surgery. Central South Pharmacy 9:390-4.

. Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China. China Health Undertakings Statistical Bulletin. 2011a. http://www.moh.gov.cn/zwgkzt/pnb/201204/54532.shtml (in Chinese), accessed11 April 2016.

. Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China. Implementing the Pilot Program to Build the System for Clinical Pharmacists. 2007. http://www.moh.gov.cn/mohyzs/s3577/200804/18775.shtml (in Chinese), accessed: 11 April 2016.

. Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China. National Accreditation Criteria for Tertiary Hospitals. 2011b. http://www.moh.gov.cn/yzygj/s3585u/201104/c6fa4cc981d4429ba8caa7666aa13710.shtml (in Chinese),

accessed 11 April 2016.

. Li X, Zheng Y, Wang H, Ren Q (2011a). Effects of clinical pharmacist’s intervention on traditional Chinese medicine injection. West China Medical Journal 26: 1386–8.

. David AK (2002). Professionally determined need for pharmacy services in 2020. American j of Pharm Edu. 66:1- 9

. VA Puget Sound Health Care System PGY-1 Pharmacy Residency Program. 2016; pp 1-10.

. Tonna AP, Stewart D, McCaig D (2008). An international overview of some pharmacists prescribing models. Journal of the Malta College of Pharmacy Practice (14): 20-6.

. Auta A (2015). Pharmacists prescribing in the United Kingdom and the implication for the Nigerian context. West Afr J of Pharm. 26(1): 54- 61.

. Steward D, MacLuire K, George J (2012). Educating nonmedical prescribers. British J of Med Pharmacol. 74(4): 662-7.

. Pharmacy Council of New Zealand. Pharmacist Prescribers. Accessed: at

http://www.pharmacycouncil.org.nz/cms_display.phs?st=1&sn=232. Accessed: 12 April 2016).

. Stewards DC, George J, Bond CM, Diack HL, MaCaig DJ, Cunningham S (2009). View of pharmacists’

prescribers, doctors, and patients on pharmacists prescribing implementation. Intn J of Pharm Pract. 17(2): 89-94.

. MacCann L, Haugheys S, Parson C, Lloyd F, Creasley G, Gormley GJ, Hughes CM (2011). Pharmacists prescribing in Northern Ireland: A Quantitative assessment. International J of Clin Pharm, 33(5):824-831.

. Van-Anburg JA, Waite NM, Hobson EH, et al (2001). Improved influenza vaccination rates in a rural population as a result of a pharmacists-managed immunization campaign. Pharmacotherapy 21(9): 1115-22.

. Coast-Senior EA, Kroner BA, Kelley CL, Trilli LE (1998). Management of patients with type 2 diabetes by pharmacists in primary care clinics. Ann Pharmacother 32: 636-641.

. Skaer TL, Sclar DA, Markowski DJ et al (1993) Effect of value-added utilities on prescription refill compliance and Medicaid health care expenditures – a study of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 18, 295–299.

. Cranor CW, Bunting BA, Christensen DB (2003). The Asheville Project: long-term clinical and economic outcomes of a community pharmacy diabetes care program. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash), 43: 173-184.

. Garrett DG, Bluml BM (2005). Patient self-management program for diabetes: first-year clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes. J Am Pharm Assoc 45: 130-137.

. Ragucci KR, Fermo JD, Wessell AM, Chumney EC (2005). Effectiveness of pharmacist- administered diabetes mellitus education and management services. Pharmacotherapy 25: 1809- 1816.

. Og D, O’Donovan SB, Sahm L (2011). The role of pharmacists in control and management of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; a review of the literature. Journal of Diabetology, February (1):5; pp1-16.

. Cioffi ST, Caron MF, Kalus JS, Hill P, Buckley TE (2004). Glycosylated hemoglobin, cardiovascular, and renal outcomes in a pharmacist-managed clinic. Ann Pharmacother 38: 771- 715.

. Wagner E (2000). The role of patient care teams in chronic disease management. British Medical Journal, 320: 569-72

. UK Department of Health. Supplementary prescribing by nurses and pharmacists within the NHS in England: A guide for implementation. London, March 2003.

. Gloria JN, Melanie P, Dayin K, Hua C, Masood A (2002). Strategies for Pharmacists in the Implementation of Diabetes Mellitus Management Programs New Roles in Primary and Collaborative Care. Dis Manage Health Outcomes 10 (12): 783-803.

. American College of Clinical Pharmacy. ACCP (1994). White Paper. Establishing and evaluating clinical pharmacy services in primary care. Pharmacotherapy 14 (6): 743-58.

. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al (2002). Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 346 (6): 393-403.

. Nichols-English GJ, Poirier S (2000). Optimizing adherence through pharmaceutical care plans. J Am Pharm Assoc 40 (4): 475-85.

. Kriska J, Cromarty JA, Arris F, et al (2000). Providing pharmaceutical care using a systematic approach. Pharmaceut J 265 (7120): 656-60.

. National standards for diabetes self-management education (2002). Diabetes Care 25 (1): S140-7.

. Paterson DL, Swindells S, Mohr J, Brester M, Vergis EN, Squier C, Wagener MM, Singh N (2000). Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Ann Intern Med 133; 21-30.

. Enlund H, Jokisalo E, Wallenius S, Korhonen M (2001). Patient-perceived problems, compliance, and the outcome of hypertension treatment. Pharm World Sci 23(2):60-64.

. Ragot S, Sosner P, Bouche G, Guillemain J, Herpin D (2005). Appraisal of the knowledge of hypertensive patients and assessment of the role of the pharmacists in the management of hypertension: results of a regional survey. J Hum Hyperten. 19(7):577-584.

. Simoens S, Foulon E, Dethier M, Mathieu C, Laekeman G (2005). Promoting targeted screening for Type 2 diabetes mellitus: the contribution of community pharmacists (Letter). Diabetic Med 22(6):812-813.

. Herborg H, Soendergaard B, Frøkjaer B, Fonnesbaek L, Jorgensen T, Hepler CD, et al (2001). Improving drug therapy for patients with asthma--part 1: Patient outcomes. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash) 41(4):539-550.

. Andres JJ, Garcia AI (2003). Prospective study about the impact of a community pharmaceutical care service in patients with asthma. Rev Esp Salud Publica 77(3):393-403.

. Foppe-van MJW, Martin S (2006). A Review of Pharmaceutical Care in Community Pharmacy in Europe Health Highlights. 7 (1): pp 155-167.

. Smith W (1988). Excellence in the management of clinical pharmacy services. Am J Hosp Pharm; 45:319-325.

. Tomeckho MA, Strand LM, Morley PC, Cipolle RJ (1992). Q and A frm the pharmaceutical care project in Minnesota. Am Pharm; NS 35(4):30-39.

. Iverson PS. Pharmacists interventions. Minn Pharmacist; 8:11-14.

. Bussieres JF. Lepage Y (2008). Reduction of costs and drug consumption in prolonged care through the impact of a pharmacist. Can J Hosp Pharm; 44:121-129.

. Oparah AC. Drug therapy problems. In: Oparah AC, Ed 1. Essentials of Pharmaceutical care. Lagos: 2010. Cybex Publication.1: pp 83-92.

. Oparah CA, Arigbe Osula ME. Pharmaceutical care: the “reprofessionalization” movement. Nig J Pharm; 34: 20- 26.

. Hepler CD, Strand LM (1990). Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. Am J Hosp Pharm 47:533-43.

. Holland RW, Nimmo CM (1999). Transitions, Part 1: Beyound pharmaceutical care. Am J Pharm; 56: 1758-1764

Downloads

Published

30-04-2016

How to Cite

Briano, O. (2016). Tertiary Pharmaceutical Care Services: Facts and Realities. Journal of Advance Research in Business, Management and Accounting (ISSN: 2456-3544), 2(4), 01-05. https://doi.org/10.53555/nnbma.v2i4.502

Similar Articles

1-10 of 80

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.